The Stranger By Albert Camus - 1391 Words

The Stranger â€Å"The Stranger,† written by the Algerian writer Albert Camus, is a novel about Meursault, a character who’s different and even threatening views on life take him to pay the highest price a person can pay: his life. This was Camus’ first novel written in the early 1940’s, in France, and it reflects the authors belief that there is no meaning in life and it is absurd for humans to try to find it places like religion. The main themes of the novel are irrationality of the universe and the meaningless of human life. During Meursault’s trial after killing the â€Å"Arab,† Meursault is questioned for several things that do not seem to have anything to do with the murder to a point where one wonders the actual reason for him to be in trial. Albert Camus professes his ideas on the absurd through Meursault in â€Å"the Stranger† to point out how pointless and irrational life actually is. After Meursault helps his friend Raymond to write a deceiving letter for Raymond’s mistress in order to trick her into going back with Raymond so he could take revenge of her spitting of her face and hitting her for â€Å"letting him down,† Raymond gets in trouble with the mistresses’ brother. One day on the beach Meursault, Raymond and Masson (a friend) have an encounter with â€Å"the Arab† (the mistresses’ brother) which leads Raymond to hand a gun to Meursault which later leads him to murder â€Å"the Arab.† During the trial, Meursault is not only accused for the murder of the Arab, but also morally accusedShow MoreRelatedThe Stranger By Albert Camus1495 Words   |  6 Pages Albert Camus said, â€Å"Basically, at the very bottom of life, which seduces us all, there is only absurdity, and more absurdity. And maybe that s what gives us our joy for living, because the only thing that can defeat absurdity is lucidity.† In other terms, Camus is indicating that absurdity aff ects us all even if it’s hidden all the way on the bottom, but it’s the joy that comes from absurdity that makes us take risks and live freely without any thought or focus. Camus also specifies that the onlyRead MoreThe Stranger By Albert Camus1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel The Stranger, written by Albert Camus, encompasses contemporary philosophies of existentialism and absurdism. Existentialist and absurdist philosophies entail principles regarding that one’s identity is not based on nature or culture, but rather by sole existence. The role of minor characters in The Stranger helps to present Camus’s purpose to convey absurdist and existentialist principles. The characters of Salamano and Marie are utilized in order to contrast the author’s ideas about contemporaryRead MoreThe Stranger by Albert Camus720 Words   |  3 PagesAlbert Camus’ portrayal of the emotional being of the main character in The Stranger is an indirect display o f his own personal distress. The use of symbolism and irony presented throughout this novel is comparable with the quest for such that death itself would be nonetheless happy. Camus’ irrational concept is based off the exclusion of any logical reasoning behind the events in the text. Meursault’s first impression given to the reader is that of ignorance and a nonchalant behavior to indifferenceRead MoreThe Stranger By Albert Camus1345 Words   |  6 PagesAbsurdism is a philosophy based on the belief that the universe is irrational and meaningless and that the search for order brings the individual into conflict with the universe. Albert Camus’s novel The Stranger is often termed an absurdist novel because it contains the elements of Camus’s philosophical notion of absurdity. Mersault, the protagonist, is an absurd hero that is emotionally detached and indifferent form society. Neither the external world in which Meursault lives nor the internal worldRead MoreThe Stranger By Albert Camus Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stranger was written by the French author Albert Camus, and was first published in 1942 in its indigenous French. It’s described as being the most widely-read French novel of the twentieth century, and has sold milli ons of copies in Britain and the United States alone. It’s known by two titles; the other being The Outsider. The backstory to this is very interesting but, more importantly, the subtle difference in meaning between titles suggests certain resultant translative idiosyncrasies whenRead MoreThe Stranger By Albert Camus1628 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Camus’s novel â€Å"The Stranger† revolves around a young man estranged from society. This man, Monsieur Meursault, lives the majority of his life fulfilling his own physical needs and social obligations, but has little emotional connection to the world around him. Throughout the book Meursault attends his mother’s funeral, begins a serious relationship with his former co-worker Marie, kills a man without motive, goes through trial, and is sentenced for execution. His lack of emotional responseRead MoreThe Stranger by Albert Camus1115 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, The Stranger, by Albert Camus, the point lessness of life and existence is exposed through the illustration of Camus’s absurdist world view. The novel tells the story of an emotionally detached, amoral young man named Meursault. Meursault shows us how important it is to start thinking and analyzing the events that happen in our lives. He does this by developing the theme of conflicts within society. Albert Camus’s novel The Stranger portrays Meursault, the main character, as a staticRead MoreThe Stranger By Albert Camus1365 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout The Stranger, Albert Camus uses routinesituations to demonstrate how the protagonist, Meursault is not just another ordinary individual. Camus depicts Meursault as an independent being, disinterested in his surroundings, contrasting him with the majority of his peers. Meursault traverses the entire novel, exhibiting little to no emotion. Instead, he displayscharacteristics synonymous to someone suffering from psychopathy. Regardless of the situation, Meursa ult refrainsfrom assigning meaningRead MoreThe Stranger By Albert Camus Essay1844 Words   |  8 Pagesof the novel, The Stranger, written by Albert Camus, multiple debatable topics have risen. Does Meursault have a heart? Is he an existentialist? Why does he seem to not be phased by his mother dying? This novel is definitely on the more controversial side, which is somewhat strange because although it seems like a novel about almost nothing, everything seems to have a much deeper meaning than it puts off. However, one topic that seems to be overlooked is the fact that The Stranger relates highly toRead MoreThe Stranger By Albert Camus1488 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel, The Stranger by Albert Camus there are three major themes established by the main character, Meursault. His detachment from his emotions and him essentially being a sociopath set’s a major tone for the novel. In The Stranger, the major themes introduced are Isolation, The Meaninglessness of Human Existen ce, and Lack of Human Emotions. These are the three most major because it’s all surrounding the main character, Meursault and these themes provide similarities between Lord of the Flies

Judith- Compare and Contrast - 1431 Words

Judith – Old English and Vulgate Versions Upon looking closely at the Old English and Vulgate versions of Judith, one can catch a glimpse of how culture was during the time they were written by comparing and contrasting the elements of the story that are presented and modified. The distinct differences that can be found between the Old English and the vulgate versions of Judith provide a clear view of what the Anglo-Saxons considered to be important, and what they felt required respect. When comparing and contrasting these two versions, one can utilize other Old English works such as Beowulf and The Wanderer to clearly spot the differences and similarities to receive some insight into the culture and feelings of the Anglo-Saxons. One of†¦show more content†¦10, Book of Judith 16:23). The idea of Judith being a warrior for the rest of her life seeking glory and fighting in battle was most likely an idea that the Anglo-Saxons could not give up on and shows the need their culture had for heroes that garnered glory. A difference clearly illuminated by examining the two works is the role of women in Anglo-Saxon culture. The Anglo-Saxon version of Judith clearly illustrates the idea of a Valkyrie, a woman who is not afraid to battle, and revels in the thought of Judith being a strong captain or even warrior who leads her people to a bloody victory. This conception is evidenced by how Judith is characterized in the Anglo-Saxon version being portrayed as a valiant virgin with nerve and vigor (Judith Ch. 10). This stands in stark contrast to the book of Judith verses three through four where Judith is revealed to be a widow who has lived alone for three years and four months. It’s obvious by looking at these two different stories that one can tell what was important to the Anglo-Saxon people. A young woman strong and stable without a care in the world besides who she was fighting would appeal greatly to the warrior culture of the Anglo-Saxons. But the book of Judith reveals to us a woman in de ep sadness who has fasted all the days ofShow MoreRelatedDomesticity of Giraffes and Fox in a Tree Stump1422 Words   |  6 PagesTHE DOMESTICITY OF GIRAFFES AND FOX IN A TREE STUMP SPEECH. Good morning/Afternoon class, in my speech I will be discussing my understanding of the poems Domesticity of Giraffes and Fox in A Tree Stump by Judith Beveridge. Moral values and meanings are portrayed through these two poems by expressing and clarifying the value of life and exploring humanitys relationship with animals. The two poems clarify the value of life through both active and passive roles. In Fox in a tree stump an activeRead MoreJudith Shares Similarities With Deborah And Jael883 Words   |  4 PagesThe fact that Judith is a woman helps support the idea that if the Jews have God on their side, they can defeat their enemy the Assyrians even with a woman. Judith shares similarities with Deborah and Jael, by their actions to step in and save their people when men gave up. In contrast, they are different from their approach on ways of killing the General of their enemies, by either an army, summoning them to their tent, or going into their tent and killing them. Judith’s role as a woman and sheRead MoreIntentional Melodrama Forms in Brechts The Jewish Wife Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesSuperfluous exposition is almost entirely eliminated from the text and the audience is introduced to the heroine, Judith Keith, through her rather impersonal phone conversations. Much like its traditional counterpart, the text utilizes precise rhythmic patterns through each of Judiths one-sided segments of dialogue (Brooks, 89). The suspense Diamondstein 2 builds with every call Judith makes, the urgency of her departure made more imperative with every conversation. Whereas in the firstRead MoreTheme for English by Langston Hughes and In the Inner City by Lucille Clifton802 Words   |  3 Pagesmakes use of the first-person point of view to enhance the effect of the story. By using words like I and them, me and you, the speaker is able to point out the differences between himself and his teacher (Foukhadijeh, Feross. Sample Compare and Contrast Essay). In this description of his journey down the hill can you not see the images? This poem is chopped with imagery. Hughes speaks out about the truth for Americans, black or white; pointing out the similarity between them after all theyRead MoreThe Complex Layers Of An Artist1533 Words   |  7 Pageslayers of an artistic movement requires one to analysis works of art and how they compare to other pieces produced during the same time. By taking two works with the same subject matter, one can effectively dissect the influences that time and place have had on the artist’s execution. In 1530 Germany, Lucas Cranach the Elder produced a painting titled Judith with the Head of Holofernes depicting the biblical heroine Judith with the severed head of Holofernes. A little more than a hundred years laterRead MoreJudith Beveridge Speech Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesJudith Beveridge is a poet of great detail. Her poems are written with strong use of language. Strong imagery of her observations and contrasts of her views help create her poems meaning and effect on the reader. Beveridge’s texts are valuable to the understanding of human and nature’s precious life, and her appreciation for life in all. Through her two poems ‘the domesticity of Giraffes’ and ‘the streets of Chippendale’ these both communicate her ideas and values the strongest. One of Beveridge’sRead MoreComparing the Advertising of Different Companies of a Non-Gender Specific Product1131 Words   |  5 PagesComparing the Advertising of Different Companies of a Non-Gender Specific Product For my essay I am going to compare and contrast the advertising of different companies of a non-gender specific product, namely music systems. I am going to look at examples of print adverts and language specifically from TEAC Systems and compare them to rivals in the market place. In this essay I am going to look specifically at the interesting campaign running for TEAC stereo systems. The campaign is highlyRead MoreJudith Wright And Sylvia Plaths Naked Girl And Mirror1458 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Judith Wright and Sylvia Plath explore different feminist views in their poetry in order to highlight the freedom that comes with the empowerment of women and the escapement from the boundaries of social expectations. Wright uses stylistic devices such as punctuation, oxymoron, metaphor, and personification to discuss the insecurities she has with her body in her poem ‘Naked Girl and Mirror’. The oxymoron, â€Å"I see you are lovely, hateful naked girl†, depicts the internal struggle she deals withRead MoreThe Study Of Body Image1572 Words   |  7 Pagesshape and image of male bodies have not changed over the history. From the ancient Greek until the modern era, the masculinity is the predominant stereotype for men. Masculine traits include c ourage, independence and assertiveness (Judith, 2001; Murray, 2000). In contrast to the male body, the female figures have been varied over time and across culture. In the modern era, the thin shaped figure is the ultimate desire of most women because it reflects the beauty and attractiveness of women accordingRead MoreOrigins of The Story of the Three Bears1044 Words   |  4 PagesThree Bears† which appeared in his writings. Robert Southey’s version of ‘The Three Bears,’ states three characteristics in his tale in â€Å"The Doctor†. The first feature compares and contrasts the past and the present speech to represent the roles of the three bears. His context demonstrates that other authors such as, Judith St. John and many others suggest that the bears seem to be brothers. The second feature shows the fact that the villain is not a young girl, but a little old woman. Lastly

Creating Brochure Using Photoshop Free Essays

Most of us think that creating the brochure is the quite simple task and most of us doesn’t think too much of allocating the time to It. But It is not so creating the brochure can make the work cumbersome.. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating Brochure Using Photoshop or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brochure Is the silent but the most powerful weapon in the marketing field. It helps in promoting the products. So using the time wisely for preparing the brochure makes the work quite simple. Firstly we have to have a clear idea on what is to be included into the brochure, you need to get the specifications of the brochure such as dimensions of paper, trimming, folding, or facial cuts and the most of those things will depend on the budget allocated by the client. Now we shall look how to prepare a brochure In a photos. Firstly the photos software Is to be ready on your system. Ђ Next the piece of paper has to be folded into three sides and then that would make you easy to know which side of the paper would be the main frame and middle and the last frame. Open the new document in the photos in which the dimension as per required. Select the appropriate document which is suitable for the printing out. Ђ Next place all the images that are required In the brochure which makes the brochure attractive. Ђ Place all the matter which Is relevant does not place whole matter In the brochure It should be should precise and sharp such that it should attract the viewers. Ne xt open the other new document same as the above required dimensions that is middle section of your brochure. Now take the print of the first side and place the paper again for the back side and that would finish your brochure. How to cite Creating Brochure Using Photoshop, Papers

What We Saw from the Cheap Seats by Regina Spektor free essay sample

Assailing and balladeering, Regina Spektor queens the realm of charismatic odes to love and all the other useless things in life. Her 2012 album What We Saw from the Cheap Seats dazzles; it deserves description only by superlatives. But this isn’t the first time Spektor has led the world marching to her cleverly worded anthems. Now the sixth in a procession of albums (remember Far?), her songs have been pulled to dazzle the OST’s of the likes of the Chronicles of Narnia and breezy love affair (500) Days of Summer. And everything we’ve come to love about the â€Å"Soviet Kitsch† has returned. No, she hasn’t changed much; no, we haven’t lost her. Songwriting that crowns her as proud as she is ethnic is realized—oh, you’ll hear more than just English on this tracklist too. She champions verses tender yet supreme as her vocal power: a mix quaint enough to delight. We will write a custom essay sample on What We Saw from the Cheap Seats by Regina Spektor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her tales reminisce of a splendid age that’s yet to pass, and they overflow into and over your arms. While the few and fanciful references to today’s hooked youth pass on, like jokes. Truly; Spektor is as free as ever. The most magical part? Spektor urges us to feel grand in the scheme of things. For tunes that rise and fall as the empires of old, humbling at a moment’s notice, they fill. The laments and hymns are more personal than ever, escalated often as twentyfold axioms of sweet, sweet sound. Which is probably what we saw from the cheap seats: a very good show.

Controlling the Offsite Storage

Introduction A large firm with many divisions and operating in different locations was focused on adding controls and reducing the risks associated with the offsite storage of the company’s records.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Controlling the Offsite Storage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Statement of the Problem The firm lacked the effective business intelligence solution to control the offsite storage of the company’s records, and it had no developed strategy in order to reduce possible risks associated with the offsite storage. Objectives The stated objectives were to assess the technology options available in the firm for improving the controls and assess the used strategies and approaches to reduce possible risks associated with the offsite storage. Furthermore, the BIS experts’ task was to develop specific requirements for â€Å"a consistent approach for records ownership, m etadata quality, and records labeling† (â€Å"Case Study 3†). Areas of Considerations The problem associated with the offsite storage records was in the fact that the company had many offsite storage vendors. Furthermore, different methods of storing and retrieving records were used in the firm. In addition, the â€Å"limited controls for adding new users, inconsistent data requirements for records, and lack of clear ownership for records† were identified as the areas for considerations while focusing on the problem to be addressed (â€Å"Case Study 3†). From this perspective, it was important to focus on assessing the available technology options and approaches to reduce offsite storage risks. Furthermore, it was necessary to revise the requirements to storing the data offsite and to provide the effective strategy to add controls and contribute to reducing the offsite records storage risks. Alternative Courses of Action It is important to focus on two pos sible courses of actions appropriate for the resolution of the discussed case. The first course of actions is proposed as the primary because it is developed by the BIS experts. The company was proposed with such solutions to the problem as the use of offsite inventory for vendors according to the firm’s requirements formulated for the offsite storage (â€Å"Case Study 3†). The second solution was based on conducting the assessment of technology options while comparing them with the set requirements. The appropriate technology solution to address the requirements was chosen. Thus, the requirements were defined and set as regular for the company.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The next step was on developing, testing, and presenting the new technology to offsite users of the records’ storage. Finally, a regional rollout approach was developed by exp erts to address the problem of controlling the work activities and workload. The alternative course of action reflects the main steps performed by the BIS experts, but it is more focused on the formulation of requirements and on the issue of the data security. Requirements should include compliance, security, accessibility, convenience, consistent work, completeness, accuracy, and validity. If the company has multiple offsite storage vendors, it is necessary to focus on using one effective back up plan to store and share the necessary information with the help of the most appropriate system (Howson Secrets to Making BI 58). The first step is to decide on the requirements and standards followed to add controls and the next step is the encryption of the data to guarantee the security and the development of protocols if there are â€Å"limited controls for adding new users† (â€Å"Case Study 3†). It is also necessary to focus on the data organization and classification to reduce possible risks. In addition, such stage as reporting on the operations with the offsite records can be discussed as necessary because of informing about any risks or non-allowable operations (Boyer et al. 12). The next step is the guarantee of following the same standards and the guarantee of interoperability of systems to improve the process of storing and retrieving records. Analysis of Each Alternative Courses of Action It is stated that the solution proposed by the BIS experts â€Å"resulted in consistent user access controls, records labeling, and categorization of contents† (â€Å"Case Study 3†). Still, it is necessary to analyze two courses of actions in order to conclude on their effectiveness to add controls and reduce offsite data storage risks. The first course of action is rather effective to provide the fundament for the further improvement of controls and risk mitigation strategies (Howson Unlock the Value of BI 37). The second course of actions i s effective to address the problem at the current stage, while providing reasonable steps associated with the development of the alternative BI strategy.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Controlling the Offsite Storage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Thus, data security is one of the most important issues associated with the offsite data storage risks and adding controls strategies. It is important to state that the company can benefit while choosing the alternative course of action because it provides clear steps to perform while adding controls and mitigating risks. Recommendations In order to avoid risks associated with the offsite records storage and use effective control strategies, it is necessary to follow some recommendations: The first step is the implementation of assessment and testing strategies for evaluating the work of stated controls and security standards. The monitoring of the BI system should be regular. The next step is the creation of the BI policy followed in the company. The important step is the development of the control framework for offsite storages based on standards and experts’ support. The company should address the issue of common standards and interoperability in relation to the process of storing and retrieving records. Works Cited Boyer, John, Bill Frank, Brian Green, Tracy Harris, and Kay Van De Vaner. Business Intelligence Strategy: A Practical Guide for Achieving BI Excellence. New York: Mc Press, 2010. Print. Case Study 3. 2008. Web. Howson, Cindi. Successful Business Intelligence: Secrets to Making BI a Killer App. New York: McGraw Hill, 2008. Print. Howson, Cindi. Successful Business Intelligence: Unlock the Value of BI and Big Data. New York: McGraw Hill, 2014. Print. This assessment on Controlling the Offsite Storage was written and submitted by user Angelo C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

nature versus nurture essays

nature versus nurture essays Nature versus Nurture: What shapes us and how do we become the people we are today? Everyday children are born; millions of new lives start each day, throughout the world. The growth and the development of these children, has been a topic of confusion and debate for years. Many psychologists are argued over what factors make up the person we are, whether they are biological or environmental. Different theories and conclusions have been drawn over what exactly shapes us, and what effects us from birth through adulthood. Though by studying the differences between theories I was able to draw from each and come up with my own conclusions about development and the nature versus nurture debate. I believe that only through knowledge of many theories are you able to get a clear understanding of development, and then only are you able to really analyze and come to your own conclusions. Once I was done studying the different theories and comparing this to my own thoughts and personal experiences with children I was able to come to my own conclusions about development I ha ve believe that nurture is much more influential on a childs development than nature is. Infants are born with about one hundred billion nerve cells. All of these nerve cells have not yet made the important connection, which determine a persons social, emotional, and intellectual make-up. Most of the connections are made in the first three years of a humans life. These connections are the most important and whoever and whatever comes in contact with the child will have an effect on them. Infant brain cells are constantly making connections and sending and receiving information from other cells. The signals which are sent and received travel from cell to cell by chemicals such as serotonin. The electrical impulses move over the synaptic gap and to the dendrites, then move down the axon to the terminal buttons, here the information is sent to another ce...

Recording, Analysing and Using HR Information Assignment

Recording, Analysing and Using HR Information - Assignment Example The data is important for liability and regulatory purposes. The government necessitates firms to collect, maintain and report a lot of HR information to them. Data collected in HR is very important in establishing the skill level of the workforce in a company and helps predict future performance and engagement of employees. The management of human capital is very important as the ability to attract, retain and improve the employees will continually be a major challenge to HR professionals. To become official employees, most firms require that the employees complete a form. The type of information collected includes: Legal names Address Banking information Marital status Beneficiaries for benefits plans Social security and insurance number, etc. The type of data collected, where it is stored and how it is used have changed but the need to collect information from employees has not changed. Maintaining such HR data ensures maintenance of a profile for each employee and to ease payment and compensation to each employee. It’s also vital for regulatory and liability purpose. The government requires firms, especially larger ones to maintain and report a lot of information to them. Currently, there are complex human resource information systems (HRIS) to manage, analyse and transfer a lot of information. ... Data corruption and loss is at much lower risk especially in controlled environments. Electronic HR systems feature relational databases where data can be stored in more than one file, each comprising of different types of information. The benefits include: Different files can be linked to allow information from individual files be used together Information can be linked from diverse sources and locations It’s more efficient and requires less storage space Easier process of recording and generating financial records (ACAS 2009) An extensive and complex UK legislation influences the recording, accessing and storing HR data. Both the manual and electronic systems are covered by the law. The Data Protection Act of 1998 applying to personal records states that: Data must not be retained any longer than it is necessary Manual systems must be organised into an appropriate filing system. Employees have the right to access their information records, subject to some exceptions, and the employer is required to ensure the data is accurate. Activity B Advancements in the levels of absence and change and uncertainty are still being experienced and this makes it essential to retain focus on the well-being of employees. The public sector despite the ongoing budget cuts still remains more active in health promotion than in the private sector. The major task is retaining the focus as budgets remain tight. Reviewing the suitability of absence management approaches and that of well-being provision is vital and should be done on a regular basis. This will ensure that key issues faced by the employees are addressed. This year saw similar results to those

The Mystery of Pain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Mystery of Pain - Essay Example Rehabilitation trouble could be reduced if methods like virtual reality are adapted as in the case of "virtual reality for soldier's burn pain" where the patient's brain is diverted by means of cool virtual reality game, providing a sense of chill rather than heat of the pain. This alters the perception of sensory stimulation. In future the technique could gain advantage as it has potentials to calibrate neurons not to have sensation of pain. When human mind perceives the thought of suffering, pain is felt, eventually this very thought leads to enhanced discomfort and the individual recedes from cure because of distress. On the other hand animals do the reverse, they heal their injuries in a natural way. Thus, psychological focus plays an imperative role in sensing pain. It is established fact "little knowledge is dangerous". A person who himself is a physician knows the intensity of injury and is bound to feel more pain as compared to the individual who does not possess sound medica l knowledge, if both encounters the same degree of injury. Here again psychology plays the key role.

The Impact of the Dred Scott Decision on Slavery in U.S. Territories Research Paper

The Impact of the Dred Scott Decision on Slavery in U.S. Territories - Research Paper Example The North and the South had an opposing opinion of slavery. Hostilities and violence were the only way to resolve the problem.i Dred Scott was not able to witness the abolition of slavery. Even so, his determined and fearless struggle for freedom greatly contributed to the ultimate end of slavery. The consequences of the Dred Scott case were experienced by all U.S. territories. For northern territories the decision was very much troubling because it suggested that a legal mechanism by which a territory could put a stop to the establishment of a system of slavery was absent. For southern territories the decision was a stroke of luck that established the legality of slavery and apparently resolved all issues about the legitimacy of the expansion of slavery.ii Only a small number of trials had ever stimulated such a scale of public interest. Due to the Dred Scott decision, the principles of Popular Sovereignty—a doctrine which stipulated that a territory could make a vote whether or not slavery would be lawful-- and Missouri Compromise—an Act that limited slavery to territories located south of the 39th parallel-- became hence null and void.iii Slavery was given the right to expand to all U.S. territories. ... ssible followers to reconstruct society according to its will, and neither the Congress nor the President was primed to provide a strong support for the Court’s decision. However, many thought that legislative branch possessed the authority to restrict the establishment of the system of slavery into other U.S. territories, but the resolution of the Court had definitely blurred the political system. The nation was yet to understand the consequences of the Dred Scott resolution when the elections and campaigns carried out all over the nation in 1858 created a setting for political dialogue on the issue of slavery. This dialogue was most remarkable in the sequence of debates performed in Illinois where contender Abraham Lincoln and Senator Stephen Douglas talked about the major concerns at the time. Douglas, as one of the key supporters of the principle of popular sovereignty, had to take advantage of the debates to justify how this principle could remain existent as regards to t he Dred Scott decision. On the other hand, for Lincoln, who was a somewhat obscure political personality, the media exposure of these debates raised him as a talented orator on behalf of those who aspired to prevent the expansion of slavery into other U.S. territories.iv Although Douglas would in the end achieve another term as senator, it was Lincoln who gained the highest achievement from the debates, for his arguments became very popular and his reputation more well-known. Lincoln, two years later, would run as a presidential candidate. As Douglas and Lincoln discussed the issues of the time, their struggles echoed the nation’s disposition—a society that remained enthusiastic to talk about diplomatically the political issues the influenced national affairs.v Northern and Southern

Two Views Of Imperialism In The Twentieth Century History Essay

Two Views Of Imperialism In The Twentieth Century History Essay There were two countries that had a common link to imperialism. One was the country of India in 1907 and the other was the country of Uganda in 1923. These two countries had two separate responses to European imperialism. These two responses were written by two authors which had vastly different viewpoints on how imperialism was perceived throughout world history. These two viewpoints would later change the way society viewed imperialism. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, born in 1856 and died in 1920 was an Indian nationalist leader. He was educated in India and in London and admitted to the English bar in 1889. He practiced law unsuccessfully in India for two years. He was a journalist who utilized the newspapers to set forth his nationalist ideals. Bal Tilak was one of the most popular leaders of the early nationalist movement. He demanded self rule and was known as a man of action. The British feared him and described him as one of the most dangerous pioneers of disaffection and truly the father of Indian unrest. Bal Tilak used the belief system of the gurus M K Gandhi and Veer Savarkar. Lord Lugard was the one of the most important British colonial officials and a high commissioner for northern Nigeria. He later became the governor-general of Nigeria. In 1914, Lord Frederick Lugard, the governor of Britains territories in Nigeria, united the states in northern and southern Nigeria into a single colony. He worked in the administration of these two colonies and eventually formed the country of Nigeria. It was his work in these territories which led him to develop his theory of indirect rule. This fashion of rule, which emphasized working through native leaders and utilizing native social structures, became the official policy of British imperialism throughout the empire during the 1920s. There were also several similarities between the two authors and the country which they supported. One was that they both dealt with imperialism. The idea of imperialism is to rule over a people or a place through colonization, military power, economic or political power. It also is defined as the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire based on domination and subordination. The word imperialism comes from the term empire. Imperialism refers to the practice of domination of one country by another in order to expand territory, power and influence. It usually carries with it the idea of cultural superiority on the part of the imperialist, judging the way of life, traditions and beliefs of those colonized as inferior and worthy of replacement: Another similarity between the two documents is that both of these documents concerned nationalism. Nationalism was the common link between the two documents and their associated country, since both Lugard and Tilak envisioned a Nationalist society. They wanted Nationalism because it is a belief that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for a group of humans. According to the theory of nationalism, it is the preservation of identity features and the independence of all people from the country are a common fundamental value. Naturally, where there are similarities there are also differences. These are some of the points in which the viewpoints of Lord Lugard are different than that of Bal Tilak. One difference is that the document written by Bal Tilak about India concerns the Indian National Congress. This was an Indian political party founded in 1885 and created by a group of English-speaking urban intellectuals. Its founding members proposed economic reforms and wanted a larger role in the making of British policy for India. was founded in order that educated Indians might gain something of a voice in the governance of their own country. By 1907, however, the Congress had split into a moderate group which sought dominion status for India, and a radical militant group led by Bal Tilak which proposed a system of self-rule. The Indian National Congress would be good for India once Britain rule was replaced by indirect rule. Another difference is the idea of indirect rule. The system of indirect rule, which Lord Lugard supported meant that it was the understanding of the British colonial method to rule through and by the natives. Although, they also had to submit to a higher authority, which in this case was Britain. He advocated that an indirect rule system had three major institutions. One was the native authority made up of the local ruler, the colonial official, and the administrative staff. The next was the native treasury which collected revenues to pay for the local administrative staff and services. The last was the native courts which supposedly applied native laws and customs. the supposedly traditional legal system of the colonized that was used by the courts to adjudicate cases. People in Africa previously had diverse types of government ranging from highly centralized states to stateless societies. As a result, indirect rule increased divisions between ethnic groups and gave power to certain men of higher authority that never had it before. This system operated with the association of already established political leaderships and institutions. The theory and practice of indirect rule is commonly associated with the emirates of northern Nigeria. The emirates had an established and functional administrative system and Lord Lugard simply adapted it to his own way of thinking. This was cheap and convenient. The attempts to portray the use of indirect rule as an expression of British administrative genius did not work. It was a realistic and frugal choice based partly on using existing functional institutions. This choice was also partially structured upon Britains unwillingness to provide the resources required to manage its vast empire. Instead, it developed the stubborn view that the colonized should pay for their own colonial control. Therefore, Britain gave the colonized the choice of indirect rule. In this disperse society, the system of indirect rule did not work very well because there was no single ruler. The Britis h colonizers who were unfamiliar with these new and unique political systems insisted that African natives should have chiefs. Imperialist ambitions in Africa were boosted by the expansion of competitive trade in Europe. The main aim was to secure commercial and trade links with African colonies and protect those links from other European competitors. Europe established trade relations with certain African colonies and promoted trade with these countries. European traders were at first not interested in expanding into the interior of Africa. As long as African rulers assured them of a supply of slaves from the interior, they felt no need to expand into the interior. The rapid expansion of industries made European countries look to Africa for a supply of cheap raw materials and slave labor. These two different responses to British imperialism may tell the reader more information about the colonizer. A colonizer is the people or persons that establishes a colony in another country or place. Africans resisted colonial rule from the outset but were not strong enough to defend themselves against European conquest. As a result, most of Africa was colonized. Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained free. Colonization was resisted as the local people tried to hold on to their land and freedom. In most cases this was unsuccessfull. The responses may also tell the reader more about the colonized people. To be colonized means to migrate to and settle in order to establish a colony or territory under the immediate political control of a state. Bal Tilak spoke powerful and accurately of India and summarized the feelings of the new and increasingly militant national movement. He said that the British rulers ruined trade, caused the collapse of industry, and destroyed the peoples courage and abilities. Under the colonial regimen, Tilak asserted that the country was offered neither education, rights, or respect for public opinion. Without prosperity and contentment, the Indian people suffered constantly from poverty and famine and the decimation of health. Tilak saw only one remedy which was for the Indian people to take political power. If the people did not have this then the Indian industry could not develop and the youth could not be educated. Therefore the country could not win social reforms or material welfare for the people. Tilak saw colonial rule as being unfavorable to Indias progress, and the contradictions between the British oppressors and the Indian people as being irreconcilable. Later societies within certain countries were able to understand the European imperial system by learning from past mistakes. In the late 19th century India was an agricultural society. Jute, raw cotton, tea and coffee were exported to Britain. Textiles and other manufactured products were imported from Britain to India. The Indian textile industry could not compete with cheap, mass produced British goods. However in the early 20th century Indian industries began to develop. It was still mostly a farming and agricultural country but this was beginning to change. At the same time Britain was in decline. In the mid-19th century Britain was the most powerful country in the world but by the end of the century other powers such as Germany and the USA had caught up. Britain was weakened by the first world war and continued to decline in the 1920s and 1930s. As Britain declined Indian nationalist feelings grew stronger. Indirect rule worked well in areas which had long standing centralized state systems such as chiefdoms, kingdoms, and empires along with their respective administrative and judicial systems of government. This meant that the African leaders could exercise authority at the mercy of European colonial officials. Thus the political and social restaints that tied them to their people in the old system had been broken. Some clever African leaders maneuvered and ruled as best they could. Others used the new colonial setting to become tyrants and oppressors, even though they were eventually responsible to the British officials. Imperialism takes the form of political control and creating economic dependence. In Europe, the period where imperialism coincided with growing nationalism and unification when previously divided political units were united under a single monarchy. An alliance allowed for empire building because people were gathered under a monarchy that claimed the right to rule them. Examples are German and Italian unification. Towards the end of the 19th century, imperialism became a policy of colonial expansion pursued by different European powers. The way that these two authors from separate countries defined imperialism was one of the ways that imperialism was assisted in the way it extended and became more prevalent globally after 1920. These are the ways in which these two documents have helped later societies to understand the European imperial system and the successive independence movements of the early twentieth century. Sources: Indian National Congress à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0825112.html#ixzz1KeEizdAI Frederick D. Lugard. The Rise of Our East African Empire, 2 vols. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1:381-82. Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Bal Gangadhar Tilak: His Writings and Speeches. Madras: Ganesh and Co., 1923, pp. 56-65

Free Essays - Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

A FAREWELL TO ARMS Do you agree that Farewell to Arms is as successful in the portrayal of fear and suffering as when he writes of courage and comradeship?   The four themes of fear, suffering, courage and comradeship are prominent issues which are raised in the novel Farewell to Arms. The protagonist, Frederick Henry faces fear when he is injured where he admits his own fear. He shows courage without second thought when he helps injured men coming from the front. Individual suffering is shown through the eyes of Frederick Henry having to face the death of his wife and child. Physical suffering is obviously shown by the men that get injured in the war. This physical suffering provides the context in which courage can take place. Comradery, surprisingly, doesn't seem to be as obvious in the novel as the other themes; it is mainly shown by the nurses' commitment to one another and the 'male bonding' at the mess. There also seems to be more of an individual comradery within friendships and with individuals rather than a whole group. In fact, there doesn't seem to be a sense of people working together for a common cause. These four themes contribute to the many decisions that Frederick Henry has to make. That is in regards to the war and his relationship with Catherine, he has an inner conflict with himself with external forces pulling him in opposite directions which the protagonist must sort out which is more important to follow. Frederick Henry is an American who serves as a lieutenant in the Italian army to a group of ambulance drivers, whom is portrayed by Hemmingway as a 'lost man' searching for order and value in his life. The fear and suffering the Frederick Henry has in his life which he experiences by the war, shows him how pointless the war is, he disagrees with the war because it is too chaotic and immoral for him to rationalize its cause. However, he fights anyway, in order to achieve the discipline which the army forces into his life.  Ã‚   The courage he has in the war and comradeship or the individual comradeship he has with various people such as Catherine and the priest gives him a sense of order and value in his life that the war does not give him. Frederick Henry befriends the priest because he admires the fact that the priest lives his life by a set of values that give him an orderly lifestyle.

Characterization of Tom in “The Great Gatsby” Essay

In the first three chapters of The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald, he characterized Tom Buchanan as violently aggressive in order to show the kind of man that had turned out from the Ivy League school and have contributed to two different social classes. For example, in the first chapter of the book, Nick introduces us couple of characters as well as Tom Buchanan and he says the following â€Å"Now he was a sturdy straw-haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner. Two shining arrogant eyes had established dominance over his face and gave him the appearance of always leaning aggressively forward† (pg.7). We are told that Tom has a hard mouth and arrogant eyes. He is said to be always leaning forward aggressively, making up for the unmanly clothes he’s wearing at the time and very muscular with a â€Å"cruel† body. Nick describes Tom looking aggressive just by his looks without any further detail of how he acted aggressively. As a graduate from a prestigious school, Tom would be expected to be more characterized as a good, pleasant character when describing an educated man, however Tom was the opposite and Fitzgerald does this to show that the characteristic of a man does not depend on the school they had attended and graduated from. Furthermore, in chapter 2 it is proven that Tom is violent â€Å"Sometime toward midnight Tom Buchanan and Mrs. Wilson stood face to face, discussing in impassioned voices weather Mrs. Wilson had any right to mention Daisy’s name†¦I’ll say it whenever I want to! Daisy! Dai- Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand† (pg.37). At their little gathering party, Tom there breaks his lover, Myrtles, nose just because Myrtle had not stopped chanting Daisy’s name even if she had been warned by Tom before. Tom expresses his aggressiveness when he becomes violent when Myrtle does not stop. Fitzgerald is showing that not all man graduating from Ivy League school such as (Yale, Oxford, and Princeton) are all well-mannered, with a good characteristic as one would think.

Problems with Euthanasia essays

Problems with Euthanasia essays FINAL ESSAY: 3 TEAM: 2 Esther Quintana Martà ­nez de Iturrate 27-12-03 PROBLEMS WITH EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE Euthanasia is one of the most debatable issues worldwide nowadays, the debate is so controversial and the opposing viewpoints are so many that the term is hard to define. If we go back to the origin of the word we find that it comes from the two Greek words: eu and thanatos which mean easy death. According to the Collins English Dictionary the definition of the term is: The act of killing someone painlessly, especially to relieve suffering from an incurable illness. Also called mercy killing. Euthanasia and assisted suicide are exchangeable terms that have been used in many countries such as Holland, Switzeland and New Zealand to pass legislation in order to provide some kind of psycological or physical benefit for terminal or incurable patients and their families. The reasons that push people to end their life vary, one of the most common reasons is to end the pain of the person (physical or psychological), another common reason is to guarantee a dignified death and to have contr ol over the process. The issue involves the decisions of the patients and the doctors as well as of the families. Sometimes these decisions are hard, especially when the patients are not able to decide by themselves. In this case, doctors and family have to decide for them, and this is the point where they have to face economic, legal and personal factors which can put a lot pressure on the decision to be made. While advocates of assisted suicide suggest that this would provide people with autonomy and personal control, the opponents would disagree saying that people with illnesses and disabilities would have these decisons made for them and imposed on them. In this essay I am going to discuss these factors and the problems with assisted suicide and I am going to argue that in my view, euthanasia sho...

Mayas Notebook

Mayas Notebook Karla Vargas Vargas 1Dr. CK. MatheyLiterature and composition26 October 2014Drug Lifestyle and AddictionDrugs can be first used due to curiosity but can lead to a life changing addiction. Influence to try drugs can come from neighbors or even friends. According to a 2008 NYC health study "Nearly one million New Yorkers report using illicit drugs in the past year...Cocaine use increased most dramatically among men, more than doubling to 5.8% in 2006/07"(Illicit Drug). With drug consumption increasing, the percentage of deaths related to overdosing increase as well. I strongly believe family support is essential to overcome drug addiction and a better life for the user. In the short story "Sonny's Blues" by James Balwin, Sonny fell into a heroin addiction, but with the help of his brother, he was able to improve his future. In Maya's Notebook by Isabel Allende, Maya suffered with multiple drug addictions and fell into a life of prostitution, but with the help of her Grandma, she was ab le move and starts a new life.Both stories raise the question; can the support from a family member influence a drug addict into changing his or her life around before it is too late?In "Sonny's Blues" by James Baldwin, we see how Sonny is lead into the drug lifestyle mainly due to the influence his neighborhood had on him Sonny grew up in Harlem, a neighborhood in where drugs could be seen consumed in playgrounds. Sonny found his calling with the consumption and distribution of heroin, but soon found his way to jail and was identified as a convicted felon. Sonny's older brother was one of the first people to find out aboutVargas 2this problem and was extremely shocked. He had always seen...

The Position of Marketing Assistant Personal Statement - 8

The Position of Marketing Assistant - Personal Statement Example I have worked as marketing and salesperson at Long’s advertising company, China. I also worked as a salesperson for GZGB motor sales and services company, China. I strongly believe that my work experience from these two companies makes me the best candidate for the position. While at GZGB, I was recognized as the best salesperson of the month. I have the strong customer focus and I am also sociable, which are fundamental for every marketing professional to successfully execute his or her duties. Coupled with my hard work and determination, these traits have enabled to create innovative ideas for promotional activities, organize and manage events, and meet my sales targets. I have the ability to communicate efficiently, which also remains crucial for this position. Further, I have perfect computer skills, including email and internet, which are success determinants in marketing in the contemporary connected world where almost everything is virtually online. For more details, please see my curriculum vitae and other testimonials attached. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you for taking your time to review my application.

Account for the widespread failure of democracy in Europe between the Essay

Account for the widespread failure of democracy in Europe between the two world wars - Essay Example The inter period between the World Wars in Europe was a trademark of different regimes ruling Europe at a dark time(Pratchett 44). The casualties were far more terrible than anyone had foreseen, and international conflict was without a doubt filled with consequences. Hence, the failure of democracy to spread to Europe between the World Wars can be attributed to various reasons. One of the primary reasons why democracy failed to spread in Europe between World Wars was because no country had enough desire or power to enforce democracy in their own nation. At the time of World War I, this triumphant ideology of an expansionist democratic republicanism was simply clear. Under Wilsons administration, the European war became an ideological mission, which was to make the world safe for democracy and free of corrupt rulers(Jeffries 66)..   The Allies were being urged to think of their motive to enter  war  Ã¢â‚¬Å"to make the  world  safe for  democracy,† and the Germans, on their side, were correspondingly encouraged to visualize the  war  as a struggle of â€Å"culture† against â€Å"barbarism.†Ã‚  Wilsons false vision of democracy was disillusioned because it gave rise to more conflict(Parkingson 22).. Democracy failed in the post-World War I mainly because it was unable to allow for economic reliability. Germany for example, was in total economic collapse as inflation continued to plague their economy. During the Weimar Republic many anti-democratic political groups sprang up from angry war veterans, including the Communist, Socialist, and the Nazi party(Siedentop 45)..   For Germans, democracy meant turmoil, revolution, and poverty. Many Germans longed for the stability of the kaisers empire. Democracy is based on a strong foundation of social system in which the economy is prosperous. However, these conditions did not prevail in Europe between wars especially after the Great Depression. Numerous nations were created in Europe post World War I, which

Psych research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psych research paper - Essay Example If we would listen to our physical and inner emotional needs more maybe we would not always be sick with the problems associated with stress. I say this only because I have had my share of anxiety and stress, and know that it can take a toll on a person if not taken care of properly. Lisa is a friend of mine that I have not seen since she became a L.P.N. this past summer. We started to catch up on life and even some gossip. This is when I noticed something was not quite right with her. We talked a little more and I still had a feeling she was not telling me something. Later in the week I spoke to a mutual friend and asked her if she had spoken to Lisa. It was then that I found out she had been having anger issues. Our friend told me of a couple of different incidences that Lisa was involved with. Both times she got very anger, very quickly at things that should not have mattered. The friend also told me she was drinking a little more often and when out she was either quiet or very loud to the point of being obnoxious. This was not the person that I knew at all. This was a person who always seemed to have things together. I had asked if anything was going on that I did not know about that would make her this way. The friend told me about her switching positions a t the hospital because of her being a nurse now, and said she was not handling the stress of that very well. That was all she told me about. Again I knew that this still was not her to be like this over something like a new job that I knew she was anxiously waiting to do. Later in the week I called Lisa to see if see was home. When I spoke with her again I could tell she still was not herself. I came out and asked if there was something wrong with her and she then started to cry on the phone. She then told me how the new job was not all what she thought it was going to be. It turns out to be a very stressful job with lots of patients to care for and very

Democracy and Technology Essay Example for Free

Democracy and Technology Essay While technologies such as the use of internet and e-democracy have made the dissemination of ideas quicker, they have also resulted in the increase in a groups power to manipulate general opinion. The technologies aiding democracy today, such as computers, satellites, radio, telephones and television have undeniably changed the face of modern democracy. What constitute positive spill outs of these technologies for democracy also in some cases have a detrimental effect on it. While it increases the reach among people and nations, enriching both formal and business communication, it also provides these opportunities to fundamentalists to create rumours and channels individuals or a group of people against democracy. However a little caution such as verifying the news from multiple sources will easily reveal these elements and thus the negative influence of misleading a large group of rational individuals can be easily curtailed. The rise in literacy level and the positive trend of e-democracy deepens the process of democracy and empowers the individuals not only to have a say in the election of their government as earlier, but also empowers the citizens to have greater say in the decision making process of the government. With increasing literacy levels, as the citizens become more aware of the power of technology, they will find it easier to organise themselves for pressing on social, economic and political reforms from the government at helm thus ushering a truly democratic era where the citizens role is not only limited to electing their representatives but also to correct them if they are being found negligent in fulfilling their duties. However for this to happen in the future, it should be ensured that technology and their benefits are not limited to a select few in the upper echelons of society and that they are made available to those at the lowest level for complete integration of the masses to the democracy. References Allison, Juliann Emmons. (2002). Technology, development, and democracy. SUNY Press.

Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System Essay -- Political P

Gender Politics in the US Criminal Justice System The state of women in the United States criminal justice system, an apparently fair organization of integrity and justice, is a perfect example of a seemingly equal situation, which turns out to be anything but. While the policies imposed in the criminal justice system have an effect on all Americans, they affect men and women in extremely dissimilar manners. By looking at the United States' history of females in the criminal justice system, the social manipulation of these females and the everlasting affects that incarceration have on all women, both in and out of prison, this essay will explore the use of the criminal justice system as simply another form of control from which there is no hope of escape. This system of control then leads to the examination of the everlasting, yet never successful, female struggle to balance the private sphere of domesticity with the public sphere of society and the criminal justice system's attempt to keep women within the boundaries of the private . For centuries women who have entered the justice system have been oppressed, because the system was and still is a system designed by a patriarchal society and implemented primarily to control wayward males. The witch hunts in 17th century New England, is the first of many examples in which society exerted control over women by labeling them 'witches,' yet leaving the men alone. The primary determinant of who was designated a witch was gender, in fact eighty percent of all those killed were women. Of those women, females who were spinsters or widows, rather than wives or mothers "were represented disproportionately among the witches." In the 1800's, imprisoned women suffered the same terrible... ...ource Availability for Women at Risk," unpublished paper presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, Chicago, November 1987. 9 Nancy Rubin, "Women Behind Bars," McCall's, August 1987 10 Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters' Keepers: Women's Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981) 11 Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters' Keepers: Women's Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981) 12 Shelly Bannister, op. cit., argues that women who respond to male violence with physical resistance, and are incarcerated as a result, should be viewed as political prisoners. 13 Sandy Rovner, "Abused Women Who Kill," Judgment, vol. 10, no. 2, June 1987 14 Nicole Hahn Rafter, Partial Justice: Women in State Prisons 1800-1935 (Boston: New England University Press, 1985)

Hitlers Rise To Power :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As most people on this planet know, World War II has been over for more than 50 years. The ideals of Hitler, a man wanting to eliminate all Jews and minorities, are views that can be questioned. Most people have difficulties accepting failure, and when failure arises people look elsewhere to blame someone else for their shortcomings. In society these people are called scapegoats. The question that comes to mind is Who was Hitler and what were his thoughts?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most prominent leaders that can be thought of as great dictators were extremely forceful. Julius Caesar and Napoleon both rose up during troubling times of their country. They did this by going to war and winning, they would take over a country, set up a government, and then move on. Hitler was the exact opposite, he was a barbarian who ruled by striking fear into people. â€Å"They regard me as an uneducated barbarian. Yes, we are barbarians! We want to be barbarians! It is an honorable title.† (Rauschning, Hermann. The Voice of Destruction New York, 1940, p.80) The government that Hitler proposed had no real law. The people were to follow what they were told by those who were ranked above them, thus always leading back to Hitler. Hitler taught children to spy on their parents, and then report their wrong doings. He wanted people to hate their neighbors. He wanted those people of different, and for that matter â€Å"wrong† religions, political party, and/or race to be eliminated. A lot of the time when people look at history books and see a leader such as Hitler they might think that it was a long time ago, or that people were not that smart. Hitler rose to power in a time when people were literate, a majority of people were fairly smart, and none the less it was a mere 50 years ago.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As most people across the globe will agree Hitler had unsightly political views. He preached that before a government can reach a victory or a happy state it must first undergo a change. This is why the nazi movement was necessary. Hitler preached propaganda, the information that today would be found in The National Enquire. What he preached was what people wanted to hear, it was an easy route out of all of their troubles. He was able to relay his message across the people in Germany and draw more than a third of a vote in a free contested election.

Creating Realities Essay

Different reasons pull Marlow and Henderson into the jungle. Here they develop a struggle to find themselves and their own reality. Henderson and Marlow correlate individual meanings to experiences in order to gain a perspective of their own reality. In Heart of Darkness Marlow there is a real contrast between what is light and what is dark. These contrasts work within the reality of Marlow’s conception of what he considered right and wrong. Light represents for him what he is not. The light represents something unknown while the darkness was himself, knowledge of the impurity of the world and everything around him. Marlow developed an odd phrasing of what he considered his own reality. The meaning that Marlow assigned to his journey into the jungle and the knowledge about himself that he obtained from this journey developed this perspective. He discovered that what he always thought had been black referring it to the unknown was whiter than himself. The main meaning for Marlow being in the jungle was the â€Å"Fascination for the Abomination† that he developed for the something unknown. He developed this fascination for Kurtz. For Marlow, Kurtz was an idea that became part of Marlow’s reality. Marlow based his reality on ideas with individual meaning like the contact with the savages or the journey in the river that led him to find himself. Marlow, in a miserable realization, discovers that the meaning of life is personal. Only he will be able to understand himself and no one else will be able to do it. He describes his reality as one built by appearance in which the contact created between him and the outside world is based on no meaning. He’d conclusion is that† We live as we dream, alone†. (Conrad, 97) Marlow was afraid of the jungle, but more than the jungle he was afraid about what he can discover about himself inside it. Marlow was afraid of discovered what at the end he could not avoid to acknowledge, he was afraid of discovered that he can try as hard as he can to fit in the society but the fact that he will never know himself, as well as he never will know other people is not going to let him fit in. He realizes during his journey that all the knowledge that he have about others was created by appearances. Like Marlow, Henderson, went through the jungle trying to relieve the pain created by being trapped between his own reality and the one created by the larger society and his own within it. In the jungle and in the savages, Henderson finds the key to finding a way to create stability between the two realities. This involved having truth for himself. The first meaningful experience that Henderson experienced in the jungle was with Willatale, the queen of a savage tribe. This has a great impact on his effort to build his own reality. Through this experience Henderson discovers the wisdom of â€Å"being† and not â€Å"becoming†(Bellow, 160). Henderson discovers for the first time the truth that becomes the essential meaning for his reality. Henderson also realizes that there is no perfect being and that everyone suffers; but the only solution to this suffering is how much meaning one assigns to it in contrast to how much one assigns other experiences. A key to Henderson’s reality was the discovery of meaning that he found in Atti, a lion that Dahfu, the king of a second savage tribe, make him imitate her in order to learn a lesson. He absorbed form Atti a lot of things such as courage, poise, and self-confidence. The teaching allows him to awake his human longing. The thing which follows Henderson’s human longing awakening is his ability to feel that he is growing to be a newborn man as he says: his was where my heart had sent me, with its clamor. â€Å"This is where I ended up†¦. For I had claws, and hair and some teeth, and I was bursting with hot noise, but when all this had come forth, there was still a remainder. That last thing of all was my human longing†(Bellow ,267) He discovers that the importance in accepting who he was in order to relieve the pain and suffering. He created a reality in which the main meaning was the truth about himself as a â€Å"being† person not as a â€Å"becoming one. † He discovered that being human and being his own person was a good thing in the contrast to what he had thought before the meaningful experiences that he lived through. Henderson and Marlow both realize that what guides humans and their behavior are the impulse of an idea that means that ideas propose solutions for intern necessities that make beings behave in a certain way. They guide us to live experiences that build our reality. This idea was the same idea that led Henderson to Africa, led him to explore for himself this idea which was the perpetrator of his new reality. Reality is the creation of human beings based on their own experiences in which the meaning of each one can be positive, like Henderson’s, or negative, like Marlow’s. 3 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Hollywood Cinema Essay Example

Hollywood Cinema Essay Example Hollywood Cinema Essay Hollywood Cinema Essay Prediction of Dramatic Intensity Trends in Successful Hollywood Cinema â€Å" I made mistakes in drama. I thought drama was when actors cried. But drama is when the audience cries. † (Frank Capra) Hollywood movies have several elements like drama, action and comedy skillfully weaved into them. However not all movies are able to make a mark with the average viewer or the critics. Some movies tend to handle these elements in a better way than others, making them successful box-office earners, while others despite some really interesting scenes are not able to make it. It is quite intriguing that despite a great storyline and well-written screenplay, some of these movies are not able to hold the interest of the movie audience through the entire run. Thus, is it possible that the pattern of these elements can be deciphered to reveal an underlying trend in successful Hollywood cinema? This paper attempts to uncover a paradigm of dramatic scenes sketched in the all time classic, My Fair Lady, based on a play by Bernard Shaw titled Pygmalion (1913). My Fair Lady was a landmark, academy award-winning (1964) movie produced by Jack L. Warner of the Warner Bros. Picture. It was adapted to the movie version from a musical play with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner. The movie was directed by George Cukor and starred Audrey Hepburn as a poor girl Eliza Doolittle, with a Cockney accent who sold flowers. Professor Higgins, an irascible and egotistical professor of phonetics, struck a bet with fellow linguist Colonel Pickering to transform the uncouth Eliza Doolittle into a charming lady who could pass of for the â€Å"Queen of Sheeba†. What followed was a dramatic and hilarious set of episodes that included the tutoring sessions and the bond that developed between Doolittle And Higgins. The movie was an immensely popular musical and swept the academy awards with eight Oscars including best movie and the equivalent of best male lead for Rex Harrison. That Audrey Hepburn did not win an award, was quite a matter of controversy. My Fair Lady has inspired and been spoofed by many theater plays and television programs. It impacted fashion trends across Europe and America with the exquisite costumes designed by Cecil Beaton. This despite the fact that Lerner did not find it anywhere near the version directed by Moss Hart for Broadway. He also disliked the fact that the movie was shot in the Warner Bros. studios, instead of its original settings of London. The following section of this paper will make an attempt to study and explore the movie as a subject of analysis for a presentation style or pattern that makes it stand out as such a remarkable piece. The section tries to isolate one outstanding characteristic component and how it is spread over the movie. It elucidates on the proposition of defining a scene-based trend for dramatic play in the movie, to uncover an underlying schema for dramatic intensity distributions, a measurable and mathematically applied concept developed in this paper that can potentially identify successful movies. The paper than proceeds to introduce mathematical parameters developed for the analysis and the methods used to collect the data. The data is the converted into a form that can be used to apply the analytical concepts and presented as a measurable, defined and self-explanatory. The fourth section of the paper analyses the collected and formatted data to discover plausible logically valid trends that can be observed strongly enough to   lead to a conclusion. The section then summarizes the observations in mathematical terms and outlines the trends and their interpretations. The last section of the paper draws a conclusion based on the observations made. It also extends on what are the implications of these observations. Methods for developing concepts used for identifying trends There are several elements and presentation styles that are adopted by Hollywood movies in their screenplay. These styles and their language have evolved over time. But what remains unchanged is the presence of basic elements of storytelling. When one of these elements dominates a movie screenplay, the movie is classified under a genre defined by the element. Of the basic story elements in a movie, counted amongst the most common and rudimentary is drama. While action and comedy might be absent or minimal in some stories, drama is an unavoidable element of a screenplay. Thus this paper chooses to study the drama component of the movie ‘My Fair Lady ‘ and isolate a pattern in the use of dramatic intensity in its screenplay. Several other components could be used as basic parameters to isolate a pattern like the level of surprise associated through every defined unit of the movie. An interesting extension of the study would be to compare the trends and interrelationships of different basic elements in a movie, and see how a dominating pattern can offset the weaker parameter. Additionally, if this method proves productive, the study of various elements over a large sample set of successful movies can give an insight into which elements dictate viewer choice most.

Henry David Thoreau

Henry David Thoreau Introduction Henry David Thoreau, an American author and philosopher is known for his book, Walden which advocates for simple living. Between 1845 and 1847, he withdrew into the woods where he remained solitary for two years and two months reflecting upon his life and trying to awaken his soul.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Henry David Thoreau specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More His greatest conviction was rooted in the elimination of waste in ones life and discovering its true nature by avoiding the illusions that confuse real living. The following is an analysis of what Thoreau meant in this excerpt from Walden. â€Å"I know of no more encouraging fact than the unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by a conscious endeavor. †¦ To affect the quality of the day, that is the highest of arts. Every man is tasked to make his life, even in details, worthy of the contemplation of his most elevated and critical hour.† Thesis Statement In this paper, I will argue the fact that Thoreau was challenging us to be better than we already are. I will show how Thoreau intended us to understand his statements. What Thoreau is asking us to do? Thoreau is taking lead in advocating that people stop committing wholly to their usual stimulants e.g. a cup of coffee (Bode, 342), but rather looks inside of themselves to wake from within, to lift their spirits and make their souls lively rather than their physical bodies. He wants us to acknowledge the fact that the body may be up and about but the spirit remains down and still in deep slumber. He was an advocate of the simple way of life and spiritual awakening was a way he envisaged for the enjoyment of life’s deepest experiences.Advertising Looking for term paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thoreau mentions a dawn or a morning but he was n either referring to the sunrise we know of nor was he referring to the early hours of the day we call morning but rather he wanted people to change the way they view their activities and start a fresh, make a change for a different experience (Daily Philosopher 2). The hours of day are quantifiable but Thoreau refers to the depth of the human experiences that give greater joy that are not measurable. â€Å"Morning is when I am awake and there is a dawn in me. Moral reform is the effort to throw off sleep. Why is it that men give so poor an account of their day if they have not been slumbering?† (Thoreau 142). Simply, after the spiritual awakening, comes the enjoyment of life and consequently a better quality life. The importance of spiritual awakening to our wellbeing Thoreau further claims that self awakening is something we owe ourselves. In order to be in a position to please others, one must take it upon himself to please his own self. He makes it sound like it is an obli gation we owe ourselves, a moral task (Daily Philosopher p. 3) that is the indicator of the quality of the life we live. He sees every human being as a masterpiece, a perfect craft and adds that it is we ourselves who are the artists of our own lives. Thoreau says that the value of a man is not in his skin, that we should touch him (102). â€Å"We are all sculptors and painters, and our material is our own flesh and blood and bones. Any nobleness begins at once to refine a man’s features, any meanness or sensuality to imbrute them† (Thoreau, 165). The way we choose to live it is the way we turn out, a comparison with how an artist affects the quality of the art he produces. The way we awaken ourselves and become aware of the aspects life around us is the same way the quality of our lives changes. If we tend to our souls appropriately, giving them the nourishment they require, then we grow spiritually and this reflects in our day-to-day activities â€Å"There can no ve ry black melancholy to him who lives in the midst of nature and has his senses still† (Thoreau, 98).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Henry David Thoreau specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that when you are awakened spiritually, you find solace in the simplest of things. You could feel the same kind of spiritual satisfaction regardless of where you are, whether enjoying the breeze on a beach or cleaning the house. The circumstances we are in do not have to change for us to enjoy our lives. When we are spiritually awake, we get more meaning out of life and the details around us and it improves our experiences dramatically. â€Å"Individuals nowadays appear detached from the natural bonds† (Worley 81) since they have not awakened their spirits. The means by which we awaken spiritually In the excerpt, he refers to a conscious endeavor as the initial step necessary for the awakening to be reali zed. It is to look within ourselves, to realize that we are still alive and make a declaration that we must strive to awaken. The effort, he says, is meant to come from us and we must mentally commit ourselves to do what we feel we must in order for the change to come to us. â€Å"By a conscious effort of the mind we can stand aloof from actions and their consequences; and all things, good and bad, go by us like a torrent† (Thoreau, 101). The envisaged effort must not be accidental, nor must it be forced but rather deliberate, a willingness to change stemming from the realization that a vacuum exists. As human beings, we are predisposed to comfort, we always want to stay asleep as our mental strength is often overshadowed by our desire to rest. Therefore, in order to make a change and be awake, we must dissuade ourselves from the natural urge to resist change as the duality of our complex pushes us to want change but at the same time not be prepared to take the necessary lead to effect the change. â€Å"So thoroughly and sincerely are we compelled to live, reverencing our life, and denying the possibility of change† (Thoreau 20).Advertising Looking for term paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More We are happy to just laze around in contrast to being lively and active. The power held in our mind is huge, thus, if we set our minds to change, we inevitably affect it, but the process has to be gradual. The initial stage in the process involves the realization that we are not getting more out of life as we should be doing, we are not awake to the realities and experiences around us and we do not find pleasure in the small details. When we conclude the initial phase, Thoreau says that we apply a conscious endeavor. The power to commit lies within ourselves as it is so often replicated in examples of the life we lead on a daily basis. For example, when a person realizes that he is obese, he endeavors to stop taking junk food and starts eating healthy foods that will improve his condition. It does not mean that he will automatically fall out of love with the junk foods, on the contrary, he is constantly tempted by them but the strength of his resolve will be the determinant in the e nd. Such a person must in addition throw out all junk food from his kitchen and in turn stock it with healthier food. In the end, the person will develop a craving for the healthier foods and will forget the junk. The resolve that the person in the example has is the same that Thoreau is talking about. You decide you want to make a change and then direct your efforts to making that change happen. â€Å"Any prospect of awakening or coming to life to a dead man makes indifferent all times and places† (Thoreau100). Beyond the conscious endeavor On further reading, Thoreau seemed to suggest that the self awakening that he was championing had a limit it one’s mind. You could try hard but in the end, your imagination of what steps to take in order to make the change eventually becomes your limitation. â€Å"No man ever followed his genius till it misled him† (Thoreau161). He seemed to suggest that, albeit these limitations the brain sets, there seems to be a voice wit hin that points us in the right direction. This is the voice of the oracles. There is a higher power that guides and advices us on all matters and it comes from the connection we have with the spirit world. If we call upon the spirits, they help us build on our resolve and in the end we awaken our slumbering souls. Traditionally, oracles directed the activities of man and made known their intentions via signs that were often difficult to decipher and this task was left to the older generations who had the craft to unearth the hidden meanings. Thoreau suggests that we all possess the knowledge to decipher the direction the oracles point us towards and that what is needed is to be attentive and reflective. In a nutshell, Thoreau is telling us that if we try too hard, then the information we get from within ourselves is paltry, therefore another source of guidance is needed and that is from the spirit world. Every man is divine in his own way although he chooses to ignore the inner bei ng that constantly guides him. â€Å"How vast and profound is the influence of the subtile powers of Heaven and of Earth† (Thoreau 101) Conclusion Thoreau wants us to awaken our spirits in order to enjoy our lives to the maximum. In order to do this, he urges us to awaken our souls and become aware of the numerous experiences at our behest (Thoreau112). In order to awaken our spirits, he proposes a deliberate decision to effect the necessary changes coupled by the appropriate actions, however, he cautions against ignoring the supernatural voice within ourselves that will give the ultimate guidance. Bode, Carl. The Portable Thoreau, Walden â€Å"Where I Lived, and What I Lived For, New York:   Penguin Books, 1982 Daily Philosopher. Awaken Thyself. 2004, Retrieved from thedailyphilosopher.org/daily/000010.php Thoreau, Henry David. A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers; Walden, or, Life in the Woods ; The Maine Woods ; Cape Cod, Edited by Robert F.Sayre, ISBN: 094045027 5 Worley, Sam McGuire: Emerson, Thoreau and the role of the cultural critic. New York: State university of New York press, 2001. Retrieved from https://books.google.com./books?id=TmNuI7sM3G8Cpg=PA176dq=Worley,+Sam+McGuire:+Emerson,+Thoreau+and+the+role+of+the+cultural+critichl=enei=zS24TdT0EpDsrQfR09zNDQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-thumbnailredir_esc=y#v=onepageqf=false

The American Exchange - Shaping the Modern World essays

The American Exchange - Shaping the Modern World essays The voyages of historical European explorers in the early modern era between 1500 and 1800 resulted in short and long term consequences in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. The diffusion of plants, food crops, human populations, disease pathogens, and animals changed the worlds biological fabrication for the first time since the continental drift. In 1492 Christopher Columbus stepped foot in the Americas with the desire to obtain basic resources, food, and land. The Europeans introduced the Americas to crops of wheat, barley, rice, and turnips, although these crops had little effect on the new world. When the Europeans introduced the Americas crops of white potatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and manioc to the old world; they experienced improved nutritional value diets, increase caloric intake, and population growth. The white potato and maize had the most dramatic effect on the old world; Southern Africa adopted maize as a staple and began to harvest it; helping to format trading posts there. The white potato began to thrive in Europe having the most significant effect on Ireland where it promoted a rapid population increase. Ireland became so dependent on the white potato that when a potato blight raved the crops, Ireland experienced widespread famine. Europe experienced the most benefit from the exchange of foods and crops during this time; old world crops such as sugar, coffee, soybeans, oranges, and bananas could be cultivated in new world climates which fueled the demand for these crops . This increased the available supply of food and significantly dropped the prices, allowing the general population access leading to the adoption of new foods in all parts of the world. Perhaps the most beneficial crop discovery in the new world was the cinchona trees that produced quinine. Quinine was the first effective treatment for malaria between 1500 and 1800, as contact between the two worlds increased, malar...

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U.S. Border Security - Essay Example We pride ourselves on our profound and almost unique commitment to liberty, and the legal institutions and civic culture that have made America probably the freest society in history" (Herman Schwartz, Security and liberty in an age of terrorism). Immediately after September 11, President George W. Bush proclaimed a "war on terrorism" that would be global struggle and would continue far into the future. After hours of the attack, Attorney General John Ashcroft made the Department of Justice prepare legislative proposals. Prosecutors denied their old wish lists and created a large proposal, which, with other provisions, became the 342-page USA-Patriot Act. When it was forced through just six weeks later, not many members of Congress had read this bill, and many voted for it with doubts. So great was the pressure to take some protective action against terrorism, however, that only one senator and 66 House members voted against it. The most important point of the proposal was dedicated to United States Border Security; and after the eleventh of September some measures have been taken. The author of this research is going to descry the situation of United States border security, clarify the advantages and weaknesses of American security system. I would like to concentrate on United States Mexico and Canadian borders. The United States Mexico barrier The United States Mexico barrier is in fact several separation barriers planned to prevent illegal immigration into the United States from the territory of neighboring Mexico. Its key target is Mexican nationals and other Latin Americans, though in recent years other groups (for instance Asians of different nationalities) have also been using the porous Mexican border to make safe access to the USA. The barriers were designed as part of three larger "Operations" to prevent illegal immigration, Operation Gatekeeper in California, Operation Hold-the-Line in Texas, and Operation Safeguard in Arizona. The purpose of these barriers is to make immigrants cross the border with numerous difficulties, in order to reduce migration. Several scholars, who scrutinized this subject, state that these operations are just a public relations strategy used to persuade U.S. citizens that the border is "secure", while the economy benefits from the continuing flow of cheap labor across the border. The 3140 km (1,951 mile) border between the United States and Mexico crosses a variety of terrains, including urban areas and deserts. The barrier is situated in the urban sections of the border; actually the great number of migrations took place in this location. These urban areas include California, Texas, San Diego and El Paso. The success of the barrier led to a noticeable increase in the number of people trying to cross the Sonoran Desert and the Baboquivari Mountains in Arizona. Such migrants

Not yet Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Not yet - Case Study Example It has also helped the company to maintain its sustainability. The company also has a wide product line. This is a subsection of the product mix. The Coca-Cola Company has a lot of products that have similar features which helps to attract the buyers. Providing consumers with a variety of products to choose from, and will therefore not require one to look for something from a different brand. This has made it a very popular company (Dost, 2006). The Coca-Cola Company has a wide product width; this means the different categories of products that the company has. The coca cola products have been put into many different categories; this makes it easy to please customers and to entice the prospective buyers. The product length of a company is the types of products within a company which complement each other. The company has been able to expand its width considerably, as it has many more beverages that are related to each other, even if they are not sold together. The company also boasts of a product depth where a product has different categories. For example, the coca cola company has coke light, coke classic, and coke diet (Coca-Cola, 2015). This makes it a very convenient product because one never runs out of alternatives to choose from (Ferrell & Hartline, 2007). The brand of a company is its unique identification name and symbol. This helps it to be easily distinguished from other companies. For the Coca-Cola classic, its brand name is quite popular all around the world. This has helped the company to flourish because it is outstanding, and a customer will not have any doubts that the product he or she is purchasing is the very one that they wanted. The coca cola company has many different brands. This makes it easier for buyers to choose the product they want. It has also helped to expand the company because of the brand loyalty that it has acquired over the years. It is a huge brand; therefore any product that is associated

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Health and Long Term Policies and Programs in the Asian Cultures - Essay Example China was worried then that it may have too many children to feed but after twenty-five years, it is now worried that an aging population may have too few workers to provide care services. Health care costs for both China and Japan can be expected to rise exponentially as fewer workers are present within the system to provide for a growing population of older citizens (Kaneda, 2006). Further, the problem of AIDS will certainly be an issue perhaps to the level of some sub-Saharan African nations which have found AIDS to be a growing menace. Human trafficking and the sex trade certainly adds to the problem and while the issue may not be that critical in Japan, it certainly is on the horizon for China and some other lesser developed countries in the Asian region such as Thailand and Burma. The government policies of creating awareness, educating the masses and providing positive social support could certainly help improve the matter (ASIP, 2008). On the other hand, the problem of an aging population may be a more critical one for China due to the devastating economic consequences it can have for the country as it seeks to become the economic superpower of the world. While the government has started to allocate more funds for the care of the elderly, a lot remains to be done and as reported by Kaneda (2006), â€Å"The rate of increase in health care costs has already exceeded the growth of the national economy and individual earnings (Kaneda, 2006, Pg. 1)†. In such a situation, the coming demographic shift for China would only worsen the situation as a whole generation of Chinese reach the age of retirement. It has to be understood that the trend of an aging population is inevitable for many countries and may even become accelerated where mortality rates as well as fertility are declining. However, the governments of Asia are focusing on policies which are geared

Discuss South Africas apartheid policy of 1948. How was it initiated Essay

Discuss South Africas apartheid policy of 1948. How was it initiated Provide historical information of the time from the passing of this policy until gaining independence in 1979 - Essay Example In 1948 the National Party, which represented primarily the interests of Afrikaners, used the idea of ​​apartheid as their program and won the elections (Black South Africans already did not have the right to vote). All South Africans were divided by race into White, Colored, Black and Indians (Asians). Different groups had different rights; of course most of them belonged to Whites. Government introduced separate education and health care, transport, social and recreational facilities, churches; mixed marriages were banned. Even shops and beaches were â€Å"for whites only† and â€Å"for others.† Development of the policy of apartheid led to creation of Bantustans (Bantoestans in Afrikaans), the areas densely populated by indigenous Black South Africans; in fact those were reservations. The South African government created ten Bantustans in South Africa and ten in the South-West Africa (Namibia), which was under the control of South Africa. In fact, Bantustans were totally dependent on South Africa, their independence was not recognized by any country in the world. South Africa’s black population was forcibly resettled in the Bantustans. South Africa’s policy openly declared that the ultimate goal of creating Bantustans would be a situation in which no man with black skin color could be a citizen of South Africa and, accordingly, would not have any rights in this country. Due to condemnation and rejection of apartheid by the countries members of the British Commonwealth in 1961 South Africa left the Commonwealth and became an independent republic of South Africa. In 1994, after the end of apartheid South Africa’s Commonwealth membership was restored. Apartheid caused a strong resistance in South Africa itself. A number of organizations, primarily the ANC (African National Congress), organized numerous protests.